# Data Labeling and Marking
One-sentence definition: Visual and metadata indicators that communicate classification and handling instructions.
## Key Facts
- Methods: headers/footers, watermarks, cover sheets, metadata tags.
- Automated labeling via DLP/CASB and content classifiers.
- Ensure labels persist across formats and transfers.
- Exceptions need owner approval and logging.
- Training: users must understand and apply labels consistently.
- **Verify:** check official (ISC)² CBK and current exam outline.
## Exam Relevance
- Identify missing labeling control in a scenario.
**Mnemonic:** “If it’s sensitive, say so.”
## Mini Scenario
Q: PDF export drops headers—risk and fix?
A: Lost labels; enforce metadata-based labeling and watermarks.
## Revision Checklist
- Name 3 labeling methods.
- Explain automated labeling benefits.
- State when exceptions are allowed.
## Related
[[Data Classification Levels and Handling Rules]] · [[Data Loss Prevention (DLP)]] · [[Cloud Data Protection (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS)]] · [[Printing and Hardcopy Data Controls]] · [[Information and Asset Ownership]] · [[Domain 2 - Index]]